Ancient and Classical Styles of the Middle East and North Africa

Spanning over three thousand years, ancient Egypt was not one stable civilization but subject to change and periods of great upheaval, commonly split into periods by historians.

Achaemenid architecture includes all architectural achievements of the Achaemenid Persians manifesting in construction of spectacular cities used for governance and inhabitation (Persepolis, Susa, Ecbatana), temples made for worship and social gatherings (such as Zoroastrian temples), and

Sasanian architecture refers to the Persian architectural style that reached a peak in its development during the Sasanian era (224-651 CE).

Nabataean architecture or Nabatean architecture refers to the building traditions of the Nabateans, an ancient Arab people who inhabited northern Arabia and the southern Levant.

The architecture of Urartu encompasses the construction methods, spatial organization, and urban planning of the Urartian culture, an Iron Age civilization located in Anatolia and the Armenian Highlands.

Herodian architecture is a style of classical architecture characteristic of the numerous building projects undertaken during the reign (37-4 BC) of Herod the Great, who ruled Judaea as a client kingdom of the Roman Empire.