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Concept

Universal Design

Also Known As Inclusive Design, Barrier-Free Design
Design Principles and Theory

The principle that buildings and products should be usable by everyone, across age and ability, without special adaptation: step-free entry, legible wayfinding, doors, controls and spaces that do not assume one kind of body. Named by the American architect Ronald Mace, a wheelchair user, it reframed accessibility from an added accommodation into a starting condition of good design, now written into building codes worldwide.

Facts
Concept Domain
Design principle 2
Formulated Year
1985 3
Domain
Domain (category)
Spatial 1
FAQs

How is universal design different from accessibility compliance?

Accessibility compliance is a minimum standard added to serve people with disabilities; universal design, named by Ronald Mace, treats usability by everyone as the starting condition rather than an add-on.

Accessibility compliance typically means meeting a building code minimum requirement for people with disabilities, added onto a design that otherwise assumes an able bodied user. Universal design, the term coined by the American architect and wheelchair user Ronald Mace, reverses that order: it starts from the premise that buildings and products should be usable by everyone, across age and ability, without special adaptation, through features such as step free entry, legible wayfinding, and doors and controls that do not assume one kind of body. The two overlap in practice, since a universally designed building will also meet accessibility codes, but universal design is a design philosophy rather than a regulatory floor.
Connections

Associated With

The International Building Code that ICC develops sets accessibility requirements for the built environment, a core concern of universal design.

Source International Code Council (Wikipedia)

Open Questions

Sources
1. Universal design (Wikipedia)
intro: accessible spatial design for all peopleView the Source
2. Encyclopedia Britannica
Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.View the Source
3. The Developing Definition of Universal Design
Eric Dolph, Journal of Accessibility and Design for All (JACCES), vol. 11, no. 2, 2021p. 181, second paragraph under Evolving Definitions of Universal Design
Quote, p. 181, second paragraph under Evolving Definitions of Universal Design
The first official definition of universal design emerged in 1985 as follows:
View the Source
International Code Council (Wikipedia)
WikipediaAssociated With: International Code Council
Quote, Associated With: International Code Council
The building code also deals with access for the disabled and structural stability (including earthquakes).
View the Source
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