Architecture and Design Atlas
Claims this atlas currently marks as unsettled or as tested and found false. A debated fact is one scholars hold competing positions on; a debunked one has been checked against the record and found not to hold. Both are kept in view rather than quietly smoothed over, with the reasoning that put each one where it stands.
37 statements.
Placemaking, Formulated Year1975
Placemaking, Concepts
Standing
Concerns Formulated Year
Currently States 1975
The term placemaking itself is not dated to a specific year in the source; 1975 is when Fred Kent founded Project for Public Spaces, the organization that popularized the term.
Source Wikipedia
Postmodern Architecture, Period End Year1999
Postmodern Architecture, Styles and Movements
Standing
Concerns Period End Year
Currently States 1999
No clean end: rather than concluding, the movement fragmented in the late 1990s into successor tendencies (high-tech, neo-futurism, new classicism, deconstructivism), and some buildings designed after this period are still called postmodern.
Source Wikipedia
Renaissance Architecture, Period End Year1600
Renaissance Architecture, Styles and Movements
Standing
Concerns Period End Year
Currently States 1600
Renaissance principles evolved through Mannerism, roughly 1520 to 1600, into the Baroque; scholars differ on whether to count Mannerism as late Renaissance or as its own transitional phase.
Source Wikipedia
Roman Architecture, Period End Year400
Roman Architecture, Styles and Movements
Standing
Concerns Period End Year
Currently States 400
Century-level approximation only, no exact year is given: sources place the close around the 4th century AD, after which building in the former Roman world is reclassified as Late Antique or Byzantine architecture. The tradition's own beginning, 509 BC, the founding of the Roman Republic, is carried in the entity's prose description rather than forced into a start-year column.
Source Wikipedia
Romanesque Architecture, Period Start Year1000
Romanesque Architecture, Styles and Movements
Standing
Concerns Period Start Year
Currently States 1000
The same source gives both an 11th-to-13th-century range and an 11th-and-12th-century range for Romanesque; 1000 to 1200 is used here as the more commonly cited window.
Source Wikipedia
Romanesque Architecture, Period End Year1200
Romanesque Architecture, Styles and Movements
Standing
Concerns Period End Year
Currently States 1200
The same source gives both an 11th-to-13th-century range and an 11th-and-12th-century range for Romanesque; 1000 to 1200 is used here as the more commonly cited window.
Source Wikipedia
Sustainable Architecture, Formulated Year1987
Sustainable Architecture, Concepts
Standing
Concerns Formulated Year
Currently States 1987
1987 dates the Brundtland Commission Report, Our Common Future, which popularized sustainable development, the direct conceptual ancestor of sustainable architecture; this source does not give a separate coining year for the architecture-specific term itself.
Source Wikipedia
The Classical Orders, Formulated Year1562
The Classical Orders, Concepts
Standing
Concerns Formulated Year
Currently States 1562
1562 dates the first publication of Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola's Regola delli cinque ordini d'architettura, the first text to systematically use the word order to name the five species of columns including the Tuscan and Composite this atlas's own description already names; the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian orders themselves are ancient Greek and Roman.
Source Wikipedia
The Golden Ratio in Architecture, DescriptionThe proportion of roughly 1 to 1.618, in which the whole relates to its larger part as the larger part does to the smaller, long claimed as a secret of beautiful building. Le Corbusier built it into his Modulor system of measures deliberately; readings of it into the Parthenon, the pyramids and the cathedrals are popular and contested, since the evidence is measurement after the fact rather than any ancient document.
The Golden Ratio in Architecture, Concepts
Standing
Concerns Description
Currently States The proportion of roughly 1 to 1.618, in which the whole relates to its larger part as the larger part does to the smaller, long claimed as a secret of beautiful building. Le Corbusier built it into his Modulor system of measures deliberately; readings of it into the Parthenon, the pyramids and the cathedrals are popular and contested, since the evidence is measurement after the fact rather than any ancient document.
That designers across history deliberately built to the golden ratio is a widespread claim and a genuinely disputed one: the ratio demonstrably underlies deliberate modern systems such as Le Corbusier's Modulor, but claims of its intentional use in the Parthenon and other ancient works rest on after-the-fact measurement rather than documents, and scholars have repeatedly shown how easily selective measuring finds the ratio anywhere.
Source Encyclopedia Britannica
The Golden Ratio in Architecture, Formulated Year1789
The Golden Ratio in Architecture, Concepts
Standing
Concerns Formulated Year
Currently States 1789
1789 dates the earliest documented use of the term golden section, not its application to architecture. This entity already carries a citation to Markowsky's 1992 paper disputing claims that ancient buildings such as the Parthenon were deliberately designed to the ratio.
Source Wikipedia
The Skyscraper, Formulated Year1885
The Skyscraper, Concepts
Standing
Concerns Formulated Year
Currently States 1885
1885 is the completion year of the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, often cited as the first skyscraper; the claim is disputed, per this atlas's own voice convention on the first-skyscraper question.
Source Wikipedia
Topkapi Palace, Completed Year1465
Topkapi Palace, Buildings and Structures
Standing
Concerns Completed Year
Currently States 1465
Accounts differ on when the palace core was finished: the contemporary historian Critobulus of Imbros gives 1459 to 1465, while other sources place completion in the late 1460s. The wider complex was expanded for centuries afterward, so this year marks only Mehmed II's original palace core, not the present complex.
Source Topkapi Palace (Wikipedia)
Urban Planning, Formulated Year1909
Urban Planning, Concepts
Standing
Concerns Formulated Year
Currently States 1909
1909 dates the first academic course on urban planning in Great Britain, offered by the University of Liverpool, which this source ties to urban planning's recognition as a separate profession at the turn of the 20th century; the practice of planning settlements is far older, this year marks the discipline's own formal emergence.
Source Wikipedia
Vernacular Architecture, Formulated Year1964
Vernacular Architecture, Concepts
Standing
Concerns Formulated Year
Currently States 1964
The word vernacular applied to architecture is attested earlier, from 1857 (Sir George Gilbert Scott, Remarks on Secular and Domestic Architecture, Present and Future). The exhibition and book that made it a positive architectural concept was Bernard Rudofskys 1964 Architecture Without Architects, cited here as the formulation of vernacular architecture as a named architectural concept, not as the origin of the building practice itself, which is ancient.
Source Wikipedia
Wabi-Sabi in Architecture, Formulated Year1994
Wabi-Sabi in Architecture, Concepts
Standing
Concerns Formulated Year
Currently States 1994
1994 dates Leonard Koren's book, credited by this source with becoming a touchstone for designers of all stripes and bringing wabi-sabi into Western design discourse; the underlying Japanese aesthetic is centuries older, tracing in this same source to Murata Juko's tea-ceremony reforms around 1500.
Source Wikipedia
Walkability, Formulated Year2003
Walkability, Concepts
Standing
Concerns Formulated Year
Currently States 2003
Jane Jacobs's 1961 The Death and Life of Great American Cities supplied the conceptual groundwork but, per this source, never used the term walkability itself; this source dates the term's first repeated academic use to 2003.
Source Wikipedia
Wat Arun, Height (m)86.000000
Wat Arun, Buildings and Structures
Standing
Concerns Height (m)
Currently States 86.000000
Sources disagree on the central prang's height, reporting figures between 66.8 m and 86 m; the higher commonly cited figure is recorded here pending resolution, per the atlas voice rule that a contested figure is marked debated rather than smoothed into fact.
Source Wat Arun (Wikipedia)