The postwar architecture of exposed raw concrete, named from the French beton brut, the untreated concrete Le Corbusier left visible at the Unite d'Habitation in Marseille. Through the 1950s to the 1970s it became the style of universities, housing estates, city halls and cultural centers worldwide, admired for its honesty and monumentality and attacked for its bleakness, and it remains architecture's most argued-over inheritance.
Facts
Disputed
PeriodSources give a range rather than a single year: popularity declined through the late 1970s, with the movement generally considered over by the early 1980s. PeriodThe Unite d'Habitation was completed in 1952; the term New Brutalism was in British critical use by the mid 1950s. Origin Region Brutalism
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Associated With
The style's name comes from his beton brut, the raw concrete of the Unite d'Habitation.
Source Encyclopedia Britannica
Influenced By
A late development within the modern movement, from Le Corbusier's raw concrete manner.
Source Encyclopedia Britannica
Notable Examples
Source Barbican Estate (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Habitat 67
Source Hunter Museum of American Art (Wikipedia)
Source National Assembly Building, Dhaka (Wikipedia)
Source Library of Trinity College Dublin (Wikipedia)
Source National Assembly Building, Dhaka (Wikipedia)
Source US Modernist: Paul Rudolph
Source Ponte City Apartments (Wikipedia)
Source Robin Hood Gardens, Wikipedia
Source Royal National Theatre (Wikipedia)
Source Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Wikipedia
Source Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Wikipedia
Source Torre Velasca (Wikipedia)
In the Other Atlases
Originated In
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject originated.
Source Encyclopedia Britannica
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject originated.
Source Encyclopedia Britannica
Sources
1. Encyclopedia Britannica
Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.britannica.com/art/Brutalism-architecture, lead definition
Brutalism, term used to describe the architectural style that emerged in the mid-20th century, characterized by raw concrete, bold geometric forms, and a utilitarian aesthetic.
- Influenced By: Modernist Architecture
- Associated With: Le Corbusier
View the Source 2. Wikipedia
Wikimedia Foundationen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brutalist_architecture, infobox and Reception sectionQuote, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brutalist_architecture, infobox and Reception section
Years active: 1950s - early 1980s
Ponte City Apartments (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationNotable Examples: Ponte City Apartments, infobox architectural_style field: Brutalist, modernistView the Source Barbican Estate (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationNotable Examples: Barbican Estate, infobox architectural_style field: BrutalistView the Source National Assembly Building, Dhaka (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundation- Notable Examples: National Assembly Building, Dhaka, Infobox style field: Modern, Monumental
- Notable Examples: Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban, Infobox style field: Modern, Monumental
View the Source Library of Trinity College Dublin (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationNotable Examples: Library of Trinity College Dublin, Article bodyQuote, Notable Examples: Library of Trinity College Dublin, Article body
an imposing Brutalist structure opened in 1967
Brutalist architecture (Wikipedia)
In Group: Postwar and Late Modern Styles of Europe, Article leadQuote, In Group: Postwar and Late Modern Styles of Europe, Article lead
Brutalist architecture is an architectural style that emerged during the 1950s in the United Kingdom, among the reconstruction projects of the post-war era.
US Modernist: Paul Rudolph
US ModernistNotable Examples: Paul Rudolph, Biography, 1960s receptionQuote, Notable Examples: Paul Rudolph, Biography, 1960s reception
did not warm to his large brutalist designs
Torre Velasca (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationNotable Examples: Torre Velasca, IntroductionQuote, Notable Examples: Torre Velasca, Introduction
The building is considered one of the few Italian examples of post-rationalist brutalist architecture.
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Wikipedia
Notable Examples: Salk Institute, Wikipedia categories
Category:Brutalist architecture in California
Notable Examples: Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Wikipedia categories
Category:Brutalist architecture in California
View the SourceHunter Museum of American Art (Wikipedia)
Notable Examples: Hunter Museum of American Art, Lead sectionQuote, Notable Examples: Hunter Museum of American Art, Lead section
The building itself represents three distinct architectural stages: the original 1904 classical revival mansion designed by Abram Garfield, the son of president James A. Garfield, which has housed the museum since its opening in 1952, a brutalist addition built in 1975, and a 2005 addition designed by Randall Stout which now serves as the entrance to the museum.
Robin Hood Gardens, Wikipedia
Notable Examples: Robin Hood Gardens, LocationQuote, Notable Examples: Robin Hood Gardens, Location
It was within sight of the nearby Balfron Tower, both highly visible examples of Brutalist architecture.
Royal National Theatre (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationNotable Examples: Royal National Theatre, ArchitectureQuote, Notable Examples: Royal National Theatre, Architecture
John Betjeman, a man not noted for his enthusiasm for brutalist architecture, wrote to Lasdun stating ironically that he "gasped with delight at the cube of your theatre in the pale blue sky and a glimpse of St Paul's to the south of it.
Wikipedia: Habitat 67
Wikimedia FoundationNotable Examples: Habitat 67, Wikipedia categoriesQuote, Notable Examples: Habitat 67, Wikipedia categories
Category:Brutalist architecture in Canada
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