Home›Buildings and Structures›Material›Reinforced ConcreteElements and MaterialsReinforced ConcreteAlso Known As FerroconcreteMaterialReference and ClassificationDevelopingReinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete, is a composite material that compensates for plain concrete's low tensile strength and limited ductility by embedding reinforcement, almost always steel reinforcing bars known as rebar, into the concrete before it sets. Because the reinforcement is usually placed passively, meaning it carries no load of its own until the concrete around it is stressed, some reinforced concrete is instead pre stressed or post tensioned, putting the concrete permanently into compression and the reinforcement into tension so the finished structure behaves better under working loads; in the United States these two techniques are called pre-tensioning and post-tensioning. Reinforcement steel bonds well to concrete regardless of the surrounding pH or moisture, and the concrete's own alkalinity protects embedded steel from corrosion when the work is designed correctly. By volume, reinforced concrete is one of the most widely used engineering materials in the world, forming the structural frame of most modern buildings taller than a few stories, most bridge decks, and much of the large scale civil infrastructure built since the twentieth century. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/FactsReinforced ConcreteConnectionsIn the Other AtlasesSourcesComments (0)Reader Challenges (0)FactsElement KindWell-attestedMaterial 2First Used EraWell-attestedLate nineteenth century; Joseph Monier patented a wire-mesh reinforced concrete flowerpot in 1867 and a system of reinforced concrete columns and girders in 1877, though the earlier Francois Coignet house in Paris (1853 to 1855) is sometimes credited as the first iron-reinforced concrete structure, built before any patent on the technique. 1EraEra (category)Well-attestedModern (19th-20th c.) 1Reinforced ConcreteFilter Results36 entriesArchitectAllAdrian Smith (1)Antoni Gaudi (1)Frank Lloyd Wright (1)Le Corbusier (1)William Le Baron Jenney (1)Building FamilyAllAirports and Airport Terminals (1)Apartment and Multi-Family Buildings (2)Architecturally Significant Houses (2)Christian Churches and Cathedrals (4)City and Town Halls (1)Historic House Museums (1)Historic Houses (Individual Landmarks) (1)Historic Houses of the Midwestern and Western United States (1)Hotels and Grand Hotels (1)Libraries and Archives (1)Museums and Galleries (2)Museums of North America (2)Observation, Communication and Landmark Towers (2)Skyscrapers and Office Towers (3)Tall Buildings of East Asia (2)Tall Buildings of Europe (2)Tall Buildings of North America (1)Tall Buildings of the Middle East (3)Tall Buildings of the Rest of the World (1)Villas (6)Villas of Eastern Europe (2)Villas of the Rest of the World (1)Villas of Western and Northern Europe (3)StyleAllArt Deco (1)Art Nouveau (1)Baroque Architecture (1)Chicago School (1)Chinese Architecture (1)Googie Architecture (1)High-Tech Architecture (2)International Style (2)Islamic Architecture (1)Mid-Century Modern Architecture (1)Modernist Architecture (13)Neo-Futurism (2)Neomodern Architecture (1)Postmodern Architecture (2)Prairie School (1)Renaissance Architecture (2)Renaissance Revival architecture (1)Building TypeAllBasilica (2)Chapel (1)Church (3)City Hall (1)Commercial offices (1)Hotel (2)House (5)House (villa) (1)House and art gallery (1)Italian Renaissance-revival villa, house museum (1)Library (1)Megatall Skyscraper (Under Construction) (1)Mixed-Use Complex (1)Mixed-use residential and commercial skyscraper (1)Multi-use tower (offices and apartments) (1)Museum (1)Observation Tower (1)Office (2)Residential (1)Residential Skyscraper (1)Residential, Office (1)Skyscraper (4)Telecommunications and observation tower (1)Television Tower (1)Temple (1)Villa (2)Completed YearAll1882 (1)1885 (1)1905 (1)1910 (1)1914 (1)1922 (1)1923 (2)1925 (2)1928 (1)1930 (1)1931 (2)1936 (1)1937 (2)1952 (1)1956 (1)1961 (1)1964 (2)1965 (2)1966 (1)1968 (1)1971 (1)1974 (1)1980 (1)1989 (1)1992 (2)1997 (1)2002 (1)2003 (1)2004 (1)2010 (1)2013 (1)2017 (1)2020 (2)Standing StatusAllDemolished (2)Standing (32)Under Construction or Never Completed (2)GroupAllAirports and Airport Terminals (1)Apartment and Multi-Family Buildings (2)Architecturally Significant Houses (2)Christian Churches and Cathedrals (4)City and Town Halls (1)Historic House Museums (1)Historic Houses of the Midwestern and Western United States (1)Hotels and Grand Hotels (1)Libraries and Archives (1)Museums of North America (2)Observation, Communication and Landmark Towers (2)Skyscrapers and Office Towers (3)Tall Buildings of East Asia (2)Tall Buildings of Europe (2)Tall Buildings of North America (1)Tall Buildings of the Middle East (3)Tall Buildings of the Rest of the World (1)Villas of Eastern Europe (2)Villas of the Rest of the World (1)Villas of Western and Northern Europe (3)PlaceAllBrazil (1)Canada (2)China (3)Czechia (2)Estonia (1)France (4)India (1)Japan (1)Mexico (1)New Zealand (1)Russia (1)Saudi Arabia (2)Spain (1)Ukraine (1)United Arab Emirates (1)United Kingdom (1)United States (12)Show ResultsBrowseCompareSelect all 36Auckland Sky TowerReinforced ConcreteBasilica of Our Lady of GuadalupeReinforced ConcreteBurj KhalifaReinforced ConcreteCBS BuildingReinforced ConcreteCentral Plaza, Hong KongReinforced ConcreteCharles Macdonald Concrete House MuseumReinforced ConcreteChurch of the LightReinforced ConcreteEdificio CopanReinforced ConcreteFallingwaterReinforced ConcreteHo Tung GardensReinforced ConcreteHome Insurance BuildingReinforced ConcreteJeddah TowerReinforced ConcreteJoseph R. Bowles HouseReinforced ConcreteKingdom CentreReinforced ConcreteKyiv Television CenterReinforced ConcreteLAX Theme BuildingReinforced ConcreteMaison La RocheReinforced ConcreteMarina CityReinforced ConcreteMercury City TowerReinforced ConcreteNational Museum of African American History and CultureReinforced ConcretePhillips Exeter Academy LibraryReinforced ConcretePrice TowerReinforced ConcreteSagrada FamiliaReinforced ConcreteShum Yip Upperhills Tower 1Reinforced ConcreteTallinn TV TowerReinforced ConcreteThe DorchesterReinforced ConcreteToronto City HallReinforced ConcreteTugendhat HouseReinforced ConcreteUnity TempleReinforced ConcreteVilla La RocheReinforced ConcreteVilla Paul PoiretReinforced ConcreteVilla SavoyeReinforced ConcreteVilla TugendhatReinforced ConcreteVizcaya Museum and GardensReinforced ConcreteWilshire Grand CenterReinforced ConcreteWorld OneReinforced ConcreteConnectionsAssociated WithCantilever, Elements and Materials Well-attested Concrete, Elements and Materials Well-attested Source Encyclopedia BritannicaPrecast Concrete, Architectural Materials Well-attested Prestressed Concrete, Elements and Materials Well-attested Prestressed concrete is a further refinement of reinforced concrete, using deliberately induced compression rather than passive steel reinforcement alone to resist tension.Tadao Ando, Architects and Designers Well-attested Ando's architecture is defined by finely finished exposed reinforced concrete used as both structure and surface finish at once.Source WikipediaAdditional Source Tadao Ando (Wikipedia)Tadao Ando, style sectionTectonics, Concepts Well-attested The Five Points of Architecture, Concepts Well-attested ConnectedThe five points depend on reinforced concrete framing, which removes the load-bearing role from walls and facade alike.Source Encyclopedia BritannicaSeen InAuckland Sky Tower, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Sky Tower (Auckland), WikipediaBasilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe (Wikipedia)tier 3Burj Khalifa, Buildings and Structures Well-attested A reinforced concrete buttressed core to level 156, steel-framed above.Source Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Official SiteCBS Building, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source CBS Building, WikipediaCentral Plaza, Hong Kong, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Central Plaza, Hong Kong, WikipediaCharles Macdonald Concrete House Museum, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Charles Macdonald Concrete House Museum (Wikipedia)Church of the Light, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Church of the Light (Wikidata)tier 3Edificio Copan, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Edificio Copan - WikipediaFallingwater, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation Official SiteHo Tung Gardens, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Ho Tung Gardens (Wikipedia)Home Insurance Building, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Home Insurance Building (Wikipedia)tier 3Jeddah Tower, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Jeddah Tower (Wikidata)tier 3Joseph R. Bowles House, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Joseph R. Bowles House (Wikipedia)Kingdom Centre, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Kingdom Centre (Wikipedia)tier 3Kyiv Television Center, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Kyiv Television Center (Wikipedia)tier 3LAX Theme Building, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Wikipedia: Theme BuildingMaison La Roche, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Villa La Roche (Wikipedia)Marina City, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Marina City (Wikipedia)Mercury City Tower, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Mercury City Tower (Wikipedia)tier 3National Museum of African American History and Culture, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source National Museum of African American History and Culture (Wikipedia)tier 3Phillips Exeter Academy Library, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Phillips Exeter Academy Library, WikipediaPrice Tower, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Price Tower (Wikipedia)Sagrada Familia, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Sagrada Familia (Wikidata)tier 3Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1 (Wikipedia)tier 3Tallinn TV Tower, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Tallinn TV Tower - WikipediaThe Dorchester, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source The Dorchester, WikipediaToronto City Hall, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Wikidata: Toronto City HallTugendhat House, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Villa Tugendhat - WikipediaUnity Temple, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Unity Temple (Wikipedia)tier 3Villa La Roche, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Villa La Roche (Wikipedia)Villa Paul Poiret, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Villa Paul Poiret (Wikipedia)Villa Savoye, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Encyclopedia BritannicaVilla Tugendhat, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Villa Tugendhat (Wikipedia)tier 3Vizcaya Museum and Gardens, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Vizcaya Museum and Gardens (Wikipedia)tier 3Wilshire Grand Center, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source Wilshire Grand Center (Wikipedia)tier 3World One, Buildings and Structures Well-attested Source World One, WikipediaIn the Other AtlasesEra Of OriginThe Contemporary PeriodAlso in History Atlas: the era this subject comes from.The Late Modern PeriodAlso in History Atlas: the era this subject comes from.Sources1. Reinforced Concrete (Wikipedia)Wikimedia FoundationEarly Reinforced Concrete Patents and StructuresJoseph Monier, a 19th-century French gardener, was a pioneer in the development of structural, prefabricated and reinforced concrete, having been dissatisfied with the existing materials available for making durable flowerpots.Description section, pre-tensioning and post-tensioningReinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete or ferro-concrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility.View the Source2. Encyclopedia BritannicaEncyclopedia Britannica, Inc.Britannica: Reinforced concrete, lead paragraphreinforced concrete, concrete in which steel is embedded in such a manner that the two materials act together in resisting forces.Seen In: Villa SavoyeAssociated With: The Five Points of ArchitectureAssociated With: ConcreteView the SourceFrank Lloyd Wright Foundation Official SiteFrank Lloyd Wright FoundationSeen In: FallingwaterView the SourceCouncil on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Official SiteCouncil on Tall Buildings and Urban HabitatSeen In: Burj KhalifaView the SourceSagrada Familia (Wikidata)tier 3Wikimedia FoundationSeen In: Sagrada Familia, Infobox material field: Stone, reinforced concreteView the SourceJeddah Tower (Wikidata)tier 3Wikimedia FoundationSeen In: Jeddah Tower, Infobox material field: Reinforced concrete and steel, all-glass facadeView the SourceWikidata: Toronto City HallSeen In: Toronto City Hall, Infobox material field: reinforced concreteView the SourceWorld One, WikipediaSeen In: World One, Infobox material field: Steel / Reinforced ConcreteView the SourceChurch of the Light (Wikidata)tier 3Wikimedia FoundationSeen In: Church of the Light, Infobox material field: reinforced concreteView the SourceThe Dorchester, WikipediaSeen In: The Dorchester, Article bodyQuote, Seen In: The Dorchester, Article bodysupported on a massive 3 feet (0.91 m) thick reinforced concrete deckView the SourceKyiv Television Center (Wikipedia)tier 3Wikimedia FoundationSeen In: Kyiv Television Center, Article bodyQuote, Seen In: Kyiv Television Center, Article bodyInitially, six reinforced concrete towers were builtView the SourceHo Tung Gardens (Wikipedia)Seen In: Ho Tung Gardens, Article bodyQuote, Seen In: Ho Tung Gardens, Article bodybuilt with reinforced concrete and Chinese roof-tilesView the SourceHome Insurance Building (Wikipedia)tier 3Wikimedia FoundationSeen In: Home Insurance Building, Wikipedia leadQuote, Seen In: Home Insurance Building, Wikipedia leadIt was the first tall building to be supported both inside and outside by a fireproof structural steel frame, though it also included reinforced concrete.View the SourcePrice Tower (Wikipedia)Seen In: Price Tower, Wikipedia leadQuote, Seen In: Price Tower, Wikipedia leadThe facade includes embossed copper spandrels and louvers, tinted glass windows, and poured stucco surfaces.View the SourceEdificio Copan - WikipediaSeen In: Edificio Copan, Wikipedia leadQuote, Seen In: Edificio Copan, Wikipedia leadThe building has the largest reinforced concrete structure in the country, 115 meters high (377 ft.), 32 floors and 120 thousand square meters of built area, divided into six blocks, with a total of 1,160 apartments of varying sizes, according to an estimate of five thousand residents from different social classes and more than seventy commercial establishments.View the SourceVilla Tugendhat - WikipediaSeen In: Tugendhat House, Wikipedia leadQuote, Seen In: Tugendhat House, Wikipedia leadOf reinforced concrete, the villa soon became an icon of modernism.View the SourceCBS Building, WikipediaSeen In: CBS Building, Wikipedia leadQuote, Seen In: CBS Building, Wikipedia leadThe "Black Rock" nickname is derived from the design of its facade, which consists of angled dark-gray granite piers alternating with dark-tinted glass.View the SourcePhillips Exeter Academy Library, WikipediaSeen In: Phillips Exeter Academy Library, Wikipedia leadQuote, Seen In: Phillips Exeter Academy Library, Wikipedia leadThe outer ring, which is built of load-bearing brick, includes all four exterior walls and the library carrel desks immediately inside them.View the SourceTallinn TV Tower - WikipediaSeen In: Tallinn TV Tower, Wikipedia leadQuote, Seen In: Tallinn TV Tower, Wikipedia leadThe tower body was constructed of reinforced concrete rings 50 cm thick that weigh a total of 17,000 tonnes, and the total tower weight is approximately 20,000 tonnes.View the SourceCentral Plaza, Hong Kong, WikipediaSeen In: Central Plaza, Hong Kong, Wikipedia leadQuote, Seen In: Central Plaza, Hong Kong, Wikipedia leadCentral Plaza was also the tallest reinforced concrete building in the world, until it was surpassed by CITIC Plaza, Guangzhou in 1996.View the SourceShum Yip Upperhills Tower 1 (Wikipedia)tier 3Wikimedia FoundationSeen In: Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1, Wikipedia leadQuote, Seen In: Shum Yip Upperhills Tower 1, Wikipedia leadThe tower has a novel structural system called a "Ladder Core System" where the perimeter mega columns are connected to the central reinforced concrete core at every story as opposed to the typical configuration where they are only connected via outriggers at mechanical floors.View the SourceUnity Temple (Wikipedia)tier 3Wikimedia FoundationSeen In: Unity Temple, Wikipedia leadQuote, Seen In: Unity Temple, Wikipedia leadThe two sections, and an entrance pavilion between them, are made of reinforced concrete.View the SourceVilla Tugendhat (Wikipedia)tier 3Wikimedia FoundationSeen In: Villa Tugendhat, Wikipedia leadQuote, Seen In: Villa Tugendhat, Wikipedia leadOf reinforced concrete, the villa soon became an icon of modernism.View the SourceVilla Paul Poiret (Wikipedia)Seen In: Villa Paul Poiret, Wikipedia leadQuote, Seen In: Villa Paul Poiret, Wikipedia leadIt is constructed in reinforced concrete in a geometric style, has 25 rooms on three levels, 800 square metres (8,600 sq ft) of internal space, an upper terrace with panoramic views, and a 7-metre-tall (23 ft) corner salon with floor-to-ceiling windows.View the SourceCharles Macdonald Concrete House Museum (Wikipedia)Seen In: Charles Macdonald Concrete House Museum, Wikipedia leadQuote, Seen In: Charles Macdonald Concrete House Museum, Wikipedia leadIt was built entirely out of reinforced concrete in 1910 by Charles Macdonald, a folk artist, socialist and owner of a cement brick factory.View the SourceJoseph R. Bowles House (Wikipedia)Seen In: Joseph R. Bowles House, Wikipedia leadQuote, Seen In: Joseph R. Bowles House, Wikipedia leadtwo-story reinforced concrete building with Spanish tile roof and Italian marble columns.View the SourceTadao Ando (Wikipedia)Associated With: Tadao Ando, Tadao Ando, style sectionView the SourceMarina City (Wikipedia)Wikimedia FoundationSeen In: Marina City, Article textQuote, Seen In: Marina City, Article textWhen finished, the two towers were both the tallest residential buildings and the tallest reinforced concrete structures in the world.View the SourceVizcaya Museum and Gardens (Wikipedia)tier 3Wikimedia FoundationSeen In: Vizcaya Museum and Gardens, Article textQuote, Seen In: Vizcaya Museum and Gardens, Article textMany are surprised to learn that it was built largely of reinforced concrete, with the latest technology of the period, such as generators and a water filtration system.View the SourceMercury City Tower (Wikipedia)tier 3Wikimedia FoundationSeen In: Mercury City Tower, Article textQuote, Seen In: Mercury City Tower, Article textIt also became the world's tallest building built of reinforced concrete.View the SourceVilla La Roche (Wikipedia)Seen In: Maison La Roche, Article textThe use of reinforced concrete allowed for a choice of material for the facade, pilotis, long windows, and a terrace garden on a roof.Seen In: Villa La Roche, Article textThe use of reinforced concrete allowed for a choice of material for the facade, pilotis, long windows, and a terrace garden on a roof.View the SourceSky Tower (Auckland), WikipediaSeen In: Auckland Sky Tower, Article textQuote, Seen In: Auckland Sky Tower, Article textThe tower is constructed of high-performance reinforced concrete.View the SourceKingdom Centre (Wikipedia)tier 3Wikimedia FoundationSeen In: Kingdom Centre, Article textQuote, Seen In: Kingdom Centre, Article textIts structure consists of two systems: reinforced concrete columns, beams, and core for the first 180 meters, and a tubular steel frame structure for the building's remaining height.View the SourceWilshire Grand Center (Wikipedia)tier 3Wikimedia FoundationSeen In: Wilshire Grand Center, Article textQuote, Seen In: Wilshire Grand Center, Article textThe Wilshire Grand was granted an exception by the Los Angeles City Fire Department however, as the building includes advances in fire safety and building technology (such as a reinforced concrete central core) which exceeds the city's current fire code.View the SourceWikipedia: Theme BuildingSeen In: LAX Theme Building, Article textQuote, Seen In: LAX Theme Building, Article textThe appearance of the building's signature crossed arches as homogeneous structures is a design illusion, created by topping four steel-reinforced concrete legs extending approximately 15 feet above the ground with hollow stucco-covered steel trusses.View the SourceNational Museum of African American History and Culture (Wikipedia)tier 3Wikimedia FoundationSeen In: National Museum of African American History and Culture, Article textQuote, Seen In: National Museum of African American History and Culture, Article textWhile the below-grade floors were made of reinforced concrete, with columns supporting each floor above, the above-grade floors were primarily exhibit space and needed to be kept column-free.View the SourceBasilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe (Wikipedia)tier 3Wikimedia FoundationSeen In: Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe, Article textQuote, Seen In: Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe, Article textHaving a circular shape to symbolize the tent that housed the Ark of the Covenant on its march through the desert, the building was built with reinforced concrete for the roof structure, covered with green oxidized copper sheets.View the SourceComments (0)No comments yet. 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